Anyone who sells or operates robots in the EU faces a dense regulatory framework. This overview is no substitute for legal advice, but it highlights the most important points.
EU Machinery Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 replaces the Machinery Directive and applies from January 20, 2027. It sets new requirements for machines with self-learning behavior and for the cybersecurity of safety-related control systems.
AI Act
The AI Act classifies AI systems by risk. AI components that serve as safety components of machinery can qualify as high-risk AI – with obligations covering risk management, documentation and human oversight.
Standards
- ISO 10218: Safety of industrial robots and robot systems.
- ISO/TS 15066: Limit values for collaborative operation.
- ISO 13482: Safety of personal care robots.
Data privacy
Robots with cameras and microphones process personal data. Operators need a legal basis under the GDPR, must provide notice and should check where data is transferred. Security researchers have documented vulnerabilities and telemetry transmissions in certain consumer robots – so updates should be installed regularly.
Buyer checklist
- CE marking and declaration of conformity available?
- Risk assessment carried out for the deployment site?
- Data flows and cloud dependency known?
- Manufacturer's update commitment in writing?
- Liability insurance reviewed?